Заперечна форма

Питальна форма

Стверджувальна форма

У питальній формі змінюється порядок слів: перед підметом ставиться перше допоміжне дієслово.

Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміжного дієслова.

G Запам’ятайте! У пасивному стані лише допоміжне дієслово змінюється за часом.

s Запитання для самоперевірки.

1. Як утворюється Participle II? 2. Коли вживається Present Indefinite Passive Voice? 3. Чим відрізняється Passive Voice від Active Voice?

G Запам’ятайте прислів’я з Passive Voice!

Вправа 4. Уважно прочитайте речення. Зверніть увагу на переклад. Визначте стан та час присудка у реченнях.

1. The Earth attracts the Moon. – The Moon is attracted by the Earth. Земля притягає Місяць. – Місяць притягається Землею. 2. Shevchenko wrote “Kateryna” – “Kateryna” was written by Shevchenko. Шевченко написав «Ка-терину». – «Катерина» написана Шевченком. 3. They will build the palace. – The palace will be built by them. Вони збудують палац. – Палац буде збудо-ваний ними. 4. Students translated texts at home. – The texts were translated by student at home. Студенти переклали тексти вдома. – Тексти були перекладені студентами вдома. 5. The teacher asked me some questions. – I was asked some questions. Викладач задав мені декілька запитань. – Мені було задано декілька запитань.

Вправа 5. Заповніть пропуски дієсловом to be у потрібній формі та перекладіть речення.

1. Our laboratory ___ provided with all necessary equipment next year. 2. These modern houses ___ built last year. 3. My friend ___ asked at the lesson yesterday. 4. The old houses ___ reconstructed in our city now. 5. We ___ offered an interesting work tomorrow. 6. This novel ___ written by Charles Dickens. 7. The shop ___ closed at eight yesterday. 8. When ___ Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute founded? 9. The newspapers ___ usually brought in the morning. 10. An interesting problem ___ discussed at the last lecture. 11. The academic year ___ divided in two terms. 12. The experiments ___ completed by the end of the week. 13. Metallic objects ___ attracted by a magnet. 14. Ukraine ___ subdivided into 24 regions.

14.6. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 6. Поставте заперечення та усі можливі запитання до речень.

1. I am asked by my teacher at every lesson. 2. These trees were planted by the students of our University in 1990. 3. Many books for children will be published in our country next year.

Вправа 7. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у потрібній формі пасиву.

1. Those books (to return) to the library yesterday. 2. The patient (to take) to the hospital last week, and (to operate) on tomorrow morning. 3. This room (to use) only on special occasions. 4. Litter must not (to leave) here. 5. This newspaper (not to read) because the pages (not to cut). 6. Dictionaries may not (to use) at the examination. 7. Usually the experiments (to carry out) every day, but they (not to make) yesterday. 8. Thousands of new houses (to build) every year. 9. These methods often (to use) in production.

Вправа 8. Складіть розповідь про освіту в Україні, використовуючи активні слова та словосполучення.

Lesson 15. Our Alma Mater

15.1. Розмовна тема. Наш університет

National Technical University “KhPI”

G Active Vocabulary:

respectively – відповідно; outstanding scientist – видатний вчений; to admit – приймати; Academic Council – вчена рада; employee – робітник; design – проектування; to contribute – робити внесок; to appoint – призначати; position – посада; to grant – надавати; recognition – визнання; contribution – внесок; development – розвиток; extramural department – заочне відділення; alumnus (pl. alumni) – випускник; thin film – тонка плівка; strength of materials – опір матеріалів.

The history of National Technical University “KhPI” goes back to the year of 1885. It is that year when Kharkiv Institute of Technology, or KhIT (the original name of our University), was founded. The KhIT was the first technical higher educational institution in the south of the Russian Empire. When the Institute was opened it had only two faculties: mechanical and chemical and 125 students (85 at the mechanical and 40 students at the chemical faculties respectively). The founder and the first director of our Institute was Professor V.L. Kirpichov, an outstanding scientist in the field of mechanics.

By the beginning of the 20^th century the students’ body of the KhIT had already numbered 1,000 students and 250 students were admitted each year. A lot of outstanding scientists whose names are known all over the world worked in KhIT at that time. They were: A.M. Lyapunov, V.A. Steklov, N.N. Beketov, K.A. Zvorikin, N.D. Pilchikov and many others. The Institute also had close contacts with such great world known scientists as D.I. Mendeleyev and N.A. Zhukovsky who were elected Honorary Members of the Academic Council of our Institute in 1904 and in 1911 respectively.

In 1930 five independent higher educational institutions for mechanical engineering, electrical technology, chemical technology, engineering & construction and aviation were set up on the basis of five separate faculties of the institute.

During the years of the World War II over three thousand professors, students and employees of the institute joined the Army. Evacuated to the cities of Krasnoufimsk and Chirchiq, the institute not only continued training engineering staff, but also solved urgent scientific problems related to strengthening the defense of the country (such as contributing to the tank design work led by Alexander Morozov, one of the key experts in the development of T-34 tank).

In 1949 four higher educational establishments, namely the institutes for mechanical engineering, chemical technology, electrical technology and the institute of the cement industry reunited into the V.I. Lenin Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute. Professor Mikhail Semko was appointed its rector and stayed at this position for 30 years.

In April 1994 the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine granted Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute the university status, so it was renamed to Kharkiv State Polytechnic University (KhSPU).

On the 11^th of September 2000 (two thousand) our Institute was given the name of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”. The status of “National” is a recognition of our Institute contribution to the development of national higher education, science and economy.

NTU “KhPI” is one of the leading higher educational establishments of Ukraine. It is also one of the largest and oldest not only in our city but in our country as well. There are more than 20 departments training students for more than 90 specialities (at day-time and extramural departments). During its glorious history our Polytechnic has trained more than 130,000 specialists. Among them are such noted alumni and employees as Lev Landau, Soviet physicist, Nobel Prize winner (1962); Nikolay Beketov, Russian physical chemist; Mikhail Gurevich, Soviet aircraft designer; Anton Valter, Soviet nuclear physicist, one of the founders of the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology and many others.

Scientific schools well-known all over Ukraine and the world are developed in the fields of physics of thin films, dynamics and strength of materials, cutting machinery, design and production of turbines etc.

Many University departments cooperate with foreign countries: Germany, Hungary, Austria, France and America in various fields of modern technology and business.

Вправа 1. Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. When was our university founded? 2. Who was the founder and the first director of our university? 3. What outstanding scientists worked at our university at the beginning of the 20^th century? 4. When was our Institute given the name of National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”? 5. How many departments are there in NTU “KhPI”? 6. What scientific schools are developed in our university? 7. What foreign countries does our University cooperate with?

Вправа 2. Доповніть діалоги, розіграйте їх у парах.

1. – I am going to be a/an ___ – Why? – For a number of reasons. – What reasons? – The main one is ___. – Where are you going to study? – I am going to study ___.

2.– Have you passed your exams? – Yes, it was not very difficult. – It is because you worked ___. – Well, it was all right in ___, but I did not do so well in ___. – And what about your ___? – Not so bad, ___.

15.2. Письмове завдання

Вправа 3. Поставте запитання до стверджувальних речень за темою «Наш університет».

1. The history of National Technical University “KhPI” goes back to the year of 1885. 2. A lot of outstanding scientists worked in the KhIT. 3. By the beginning of the 20^th century the students’ body of the KhIT had already numbered 1,000 students. 4. The KhIT was the first technical higher educational institution in the south of Russian Empire. 5. Professor M.F. Semko was appointed the Rector of the Polytechnic Institute. 6. The Institute had close contacts with such great world known scientists as D.I. Mendeleyev and N.A. Zhukovsky.

Вправа 4. Заповніть пропуски у тексті (лист до друга з розповіддю про навчання в НТУ „ХПІ”).

September, ___, 20___

My dear friend ___,

I want to tell you a few words about my university.

I am a first-year student of ___ University. My University is in ___ street / highway next to the ___ Metro station / bus / tram stop. My University is / is not large. There are few / quite a few lecture halls, rooms for studies and laboratories there. Its research laboratories are / are not provided with the most up-to-date equipment. The scientists of our University carry out research in various fields such as ___. There are very many / some / no well-known scientists working at our University.

My major is ___. As a first-year student I am not doing any research yet but I am planning to take part in the research activities of our department next year /in a year / in the third year. I am going to graduate from the University in ___.

Now I live in a hostel quite near to / rather far away from the University. I share the room with first year / graduate students. They are quite / not really friendly. Along with studying I am also interested in ___. We have all the opportunities to train any kind of sports at our sports grounds and special facilities.

I would like to know about your student’s life and your educational establishment.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Love.

Your friend ___.

15.3. Розмовні формули. Approval

Прочитайте зразки розмовних формул і складіть коротенькі діалоги.

We may agree or disagree when somebody states something. E.g.:

This is an interesting book. The weather is bad today.

Table 15.1 – Agreement (Згода)

Table 15.2 – Disagreement (Незгода)

Our emotional reaction to some statement may be also as follows:

We age going to London in two days. There will be no English lesson next week.

Table 15.3 – Emotional replies (Емоційні відповіді)

Вправа 5. Складіть короткі діалоги, використовуючи вирази згоди – незгоди та емоційного ставлення до тверджень.

15.4. Читання

Прочитайте текст зі словником.

What’s a Neutrino?

A neutrino, an elementary particle whose existence was first suggested by physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, is electrically neutral and can pass through ordinary substances intact, rarely interacting with other particles. Neutrinos are believed to have a very small mass or possibly no mass whatsoever.

Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe. They are also one of the least understood.

Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge. Because neutrinos are electrically neutral, they are not affected by the electromagnetic forces which act on electrons. Neutrinos are affected only by a “weak” sub-atomic force of much shorter range than electromagnetism, and are therefore able to pass through great distances in matter without being affected by it. If neutrinos have mass, they also interact gravitationally with other massive particles, but gravity is by far the weakest of the four known forces.

Three types of neutrinos are known; there is strong evidence that no additional neutrinos exist, unless their properties are unexpectedly very different from the known types. Each type of neutrino is related to a charged particle (which gives the corresponding neutrino its name). Hence, the “electron neutrino” is associated with the electron, and two other neutrinos are associated with heavier versions of the electron called the muon and the tau (elementary particles are frequently labelled with Greek letters, to confuse the layman).

Виберіть правильний варіант.

1. The existence of a neutrino was predicted by physicist ___.

a) Enrico Fermi b) Niels Bohr c) Wolfgang Pauli

2. Neutrinos are ___.

a) electrically neutral b) positively charged c) negatively charged

3. There are ___ types of neutrinos.

a) seven b) two c) three

4. It is considered that a neutrino has a very small ___.

a) mass b) energy c) size

☺ Smile!

– How many programmers does it take to change a light-bulb?

– None. It’s a hardware problem.

15.5. Граматика. Пасивний стан дієслова груп Continuous, Perfect.

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