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Заперечна форма
Стверджувальна форма Perfect Passive Voice Заперечна форма Стверджувальна форма Continuous Passive Voice. G Запам’ятайте! В Passive Voice не використовується форма Continuous у майбутньому часі.Замість Future Continuous вживається Future Indefinite
Питальна форма (Загальні запитання) G Запам’ятайте! У питальній формі змінюється порядок слів: перед під-метом ставиться перше допоміжне дієслово.
G Запам’ятайте! Заперечна частка not ставиться після першого допоміж-ного дієслова.
Питальна форма (Загальні запитання)
s Запитання для самоперевірки. 1. Як утворюється запитання, коли є декілька допоміжних дієслів? 2. Коли вживається Continuous Passive Voice? 3. Коли вживається Perfect Passive Voice?
Вправа 6. Перекладіть речення. Визначте час та стан присудка у кожному реченні. 1. The Nobel Prize has been awarded to British scientists for this outstanding discovery. 2. Lasers have been used by communication and building workers, drillers etc. They have been made to help doctors and scientists in their research. 3. Experts believe that by the end of the decade lasers will have been used in many fields of technology. 4. When modern computers had been designed they found wide application in industry. 5. Polypropylene resins are being used in films, tubes and hundreds of other industrial articles. 6. Polymers are machined much better and easier than wood, stone or metal, therefore so much attention is being paid to these man-made materials at present. 7. The construction of the road was being completed when the commission arrived. 8. When I come home the family will be watching TV. Вправа 7. Перетворіть речення із активного стану у пасивний. 1. We use these clothes only on special occasions. 2. He published the book last year. 3. Somebody has opened the door and switched on the light. 4. They will answer you in some days. 5. Who wrote this novel? 6. They showed her the easiest way to do it. 7. We have looked for the wallet everywhere. 8. Nobody has visited him. 9. They will have finished the work by twelve. 10. Students are taking the exams now. 15.6. Домашнє завдання Вправа 8. Поставте присудок у реченнях в усі форми пасивного стану. Виберіть необхідний індикатор часу: always, often, in 2001, yesterday, at five o’clock tomorrow, in a week, today, by the end of the month, when I came in, by the time of our arrival, at the moment, during the break, just. 1. The articles are translated by Peter. 2. The devices are constructed by our engineers. Вправа 9. Визначте часову форму пасивного стану дієслова у кожному реченні. 1. Interesting and important research works are made all over the world. An interesting research in the field of power engineering is being currently made at our Institute. 2. Weather conditions in the North were studied by meteo-rologists daily. The information about these conditions was being studied by our group during a week. 3. The accuracy of machine-tools will be improved from year to year. Only one machine-tool is being worked at in our laboratory. 4. The advantages of solar energy use are understood by everybody. Now solar energy and its application are being studied by lots of research groups. 5. New methods of obtaining polymers have been applied lately. 6. The flexible line that has been recently developed at our plant. It has greatly improved the production process. 7. A great number of experiments at the research institute had been made before the flood defense system was worked out. 8. Our workshop will have been equipped with new multipurpose machine-tools by the time when the reconstruction of the plant is over.
Вправа 10. Складіть розповідь про свій вищий навчальний заклад з використанням активних слів та виразів.
Lesson 16. My Department 16.1. Розмовна тема. Мій факультет Вправа 1. Доповніть текст даними про ваш факультет. The department of ___ was founded in ___. It trains specialists for ___ industry. It closely cooperates with industrial enterprises such as ___. Besides training specialists our department conducts research and scientific work. Many well-known scientists such as ___ worked at our department. At present time the department trains specialists in ___ specialities. These specialities are: ___. Graduates of our department work at ___. Departments and specialities of the NTU “KhPI”
Прочитайте про різні факультети деяких університетів світу (див. Appendix I).
16.2. Письмове завдання Вправа 2. Дайте відповіді на запитання про один з факультетів вашого ВНЗ. 1. When was the department founded? 2. What industry does it train specialists for? 3. What industrial enterprises does it cooperate with? 4. Who of well-known scientists worked at the department? 5. How many specialities are there at the department? 6. Where do graduates of the department work at? 16.3. Читання Прочитайте текст зі словником. What Does the Large Hadron Collider Do? The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is currently being installed in a 27-kilometer ring buried deep below the countryside on the outskirts of Geneva, Switzerland. It started its operation in 2007, and became the world’s most powerful particle accelerator. During the experiments, high-energy protons in two counter-rotating beams are smashed together in a search for signatures of supersymmetry, dark matter and the origins of mass. The beams are made up of bunches containing billions of protons. Traveling at a whisker below the speed of light they are injected, accelerated, and kept circulating for hours, guided by thousands of powerful superconducting magnets. The experiments’ detectors will watch carefully as the energy of colliding protons transforms into thousands of exotic particles. The detectors could see up to 600 million collision events per second, with the experiments trying to obtain the data for signs of extremely rare events such as the creation of the much-sought Higgs boson. Виберіть правильний варіант. 1. The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful ___. a) laser b) particle accelerator c) atomic power plant 2. The LHC is built in ___. a) Switzerland b) France c) America 3. During the experiments, the beams of high energy ___ collide. a) molecules b) protons c) electrons 4. The scientists try to observe the creation of ___. a) Dirac’s positron b) Rutherford’s atom c) Higgs boson
16.4. Граматика. Особливості перекладу пасивних конструкцій В англійській мові пасивний стан вживається частіше, ніж в українській. Існує декілька випадків, коли переклад присудка у пасивному стані становить певні труднощі. 1. Якщо у пасивному стані є носій дії (by somebody), то при перекладі можна вживати особову форму дієслова в активному стані: The news is brougt by my sister. – Новину принесла моя сестра. 2. Якщо присудок у пасивній конструкції виражений дієсловом з прийменником, то підмет перекладають додатком з відповідним прийменником, а присудок – неозначено–особовою формою дієслова. The doctor was sent for. – Послали за лікарем. The child is being looked after. – За дитиною доглядають. G Запам’ятайте дієслова з прийменником!
3. Безособові конструкції перекладають наступним чином:
s Запитання для самоперевірки. 1. Чому з’являються труднощі при перекладі пасивних конструкцій з англійської на українську мову? 2. Як перекладаються речення, у яких присудок виражений дієсловом з прийменником? Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення. Зверніть увагу на дієслова, які потребують після себе прийменника. 1. He was listened to with great attention. 2. The child was looked for everywhere. 3. The documents were sent for a week ago. 4. Her children will be taken care of. 5. She is always waited for. 6. Tsiolkovsky’s works are often referred to at present. 7. He doesn’t like to be laughed at. 8. The results of the last experiment were constantly referred to by the professor. Вправа 4. Поставте дієслово в дужках у необхідному часі. 1. The inventor of the radio, Popov, (to be born) in 1859. 2. The work (to be done) by students at the laboratory. 3. The mother (to be told) not to worry about her sick boy. 4. He (to be examined) soon by the doctor. 5. It (to be called) Pussy, but my little sister (to call) it Push. 6. Great progress (to be made) in radio engineering since that time. 7. The first two–electrode valve (to be make) in 1904. 8. Great progress (to be achieved) in the field of electronics. 9. I (to be given) a kitten last week. Вправа 5. Розкрийте дужки та поставте дієслова у Passive Voice. 1. Soon he (to send) to a sanatorium. 2. The book (to discuss) at the next conference. 3. The composition must (to hand) in on Wednesday. 4. Yesterday he (to tell) to prepare a speech. 5. The article (to publish) last week, if I am not mistaken. 6. The lectures (to attend) by all of us. 7. A taxi (to call) fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any moment. 8. The young man (to introduce) to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.
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