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Повторите правила образования времен пассивного залога.
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Времена пассивного залога
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ БЛОК
ORGANIZATION
RESPONSE
· She will need to respond by 1 September. She can contact me by email or phone.
· Return address of our institution
· Karen Jacobson's title and address
· Salutation: Dear Ms. Jacobson
· First paragraph: Introduce myself briefly – remind Karen where we met before. Provide my reason for writing: "I have heard from a number of Board members that you may be interested in staying on for a second term. We would be very pleased to have you stay on for another year."
· Second paragraph: Explain what type of commitment this position will involve this year (once a month meetings, national meeting, plus possible extra duties)
· Third Paragraph: Provide deadline for response and how to contact me.
· Closing: Express thanks to Karen for volunteering her time this year.
| Present | Past | Future | ||
| Simple | + | I + am + V3 You/We/They + are + V3 He/She/It + is + V3 | I/He/She/It/ + was + V3 You/We/They + were + V3 | I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will be + V3 |
| - | I + am not + V3 You/We/They + are not + V3 He/She/It + is not + V3 | I/He/She/It + was not + V3 You/We/They + were not + V3 | I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will not be + V3 | |
| ?o | Am + I + V3? Are + you/we/they + V3? Is + he/she/it + V3? | Was + I/he/she/it + V3? Were + you/we/they + V3? | Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/they + be + V3? | |
| Continuous | + | I + am being + V3 He/She/It + is being + V3 You/We/They + are being + V3 | I/He/She/It + was being + V3 You/We/They + were being + V3 | |
| - | I + am not being + V3 He/She/It + is not being + V3 You/We/They + are not being + V3 | I/He/She/It + was not being + V3 You/We/They + were not being + V3 | ||
| ?o | Am + I + being + V3? Is + he/she/it + being + V3? Are + you/we/they + being + V3? | Was + I/he/she/it + being + V3? Were + you/we/they + being + V3? | ||
| Perfect | + | I/You/We/They + have been + V3 He/She/It +has been + V3 | I/You/He/She/It/We/They + had been + V3 | I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will have been + V3 |
| - | I/You/We/They + have not been + V3 He/She/It + has not been + V3 | I/You/He/She/It/We/They + had not been + V3 | I/You/He/She/It/We/They + will not have been + V3 | |
| ?o | Have + I/you/we/they + been + V3? Has + he/she/it + been + V3? | Had + I/you/he/she/it/we/they + been + V3? | Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/they + have been + V3? |
Существуют глаголы, которые управляют предложным дополнением. Такие глаголы могут употребляться в составе пассивного оборота: дополнение активного оборота становится подлежащим пассивного оборота и предлог сохраняется.
| 1. agree upon / on – договориться о 2. arrive at – достигать чего-нибудь 3. call on / for – заходить за кем-то 4. comment on / upon – комментировать что-нибудь 5. deal with – иметь дело с 6. dispose of – избавляться от 7. insist on (upon) – настаивать на 8. interfere with – мешать 9. laugh at – смеяться над 10. listen to – слушать 11. look at – смотреть на 12. look after – заботиться о 13. lose sight of – терять из виду | 14. make fun of – насмехаться над 15. make a fool of – дурачить 16. make use of – использовать 17. operate on – оперировать 18. provide for – снабжать, предусматривать 19. put an end to – положить конец 20. pay attention to – обращать внимание на 21. refer to – ссылаться на 22. rely on / upon – полагаться на 23. speak of / about – говорить о 24. speak to – говорить с кем-то 25. send for – посылать за 26. take care of – заботиться о |
Active: The gardener takes care of roses – Садовник заботится о розах.
Passive: Roses are taken care of by the gardener – О розах заботится садовник.
2.2.2. Употребите глаголы, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, в форме пассивного залога и переведите предложения.
| 1. The city development …… usually …… by needs of people. | REGULATE |
| 2. The mail …… to our block of flats every day except Sunday. | DELIVER |
| 3. This book …… in 1926 in Russia. | WRITE |
| 4. The letter …… from English into Russian an hour ago. | TRANSLATE |
| 5. A lot of people …… to this city by the beginning of the 21st century. | ATTRACT |
| 6. The Sputnik 1 satellite …… into outer space in 1957 by the USSR. | LAUNCH |
| 7. The lecture …… at 2 o’clock tomorrow. | DELIVER |
| 8. Great amounts of products and energy …… usually …… by the city. | consume |
| 9. The first space walk …… by 1967 by the Soviet astronaut Alexei Leonov. | MAKE |
| 10. The roses in these flowerbeds …… just …… by her. | WATER |
| 11. Solar collectors …… on the roof of this building by next summer. | INSTALL |
| 12. The equipment …… for the experiment now by the laboratory assistant. | PREPARE |
| 13. The reports …… last week. | SUBMIT |
| 14. The report …… thoroughly by the end of the conference yesterday. | DISCUSS |
| 15. The experiment …… by the students when the dean entered the room. | MAKE |
| 16. The scientific experiment …… tomorrow by an associate professor. | MAKE |
| 17. A written translation …… by the students now. | MAKE |
| 18. The report …… by next Monday by me. | PREPARE |
| 19. The Master’s diploma …… last year at London University by my friend. | OBTAIN |
| 20. The dog Laika …… into space on November 3, 1957 by the Soviet Union. | SEND |
| 21. Geological prospecting of this region …… by next autumn. | FINISH |
| 22. Translations …… from 10 till 11 yesterday. | DO |
| 23. The report …… in three days. | DISCUSS |
| 24. New programs …… just …… | DISCUSS |
| 25. The new skyscraper …… in New York now. | BUILD |
| 26. Many buildings …… by the earthquake this autumn. | DESTROY |
| 27. The problems of the institute ……. yesterday at 4 p.m. | DISCUSS |
| 28. An exercise …… by students when the bell rang. | WRITE |
| 29. Twenty-four Olympic gold medals …… by the Russian sportsmen at the XXXth Olympic Games in London in 2012. | EIN |
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