London Museums and Art Galleries

1. Elephants ___ live for up to 70 years. 2. When I was 18, I ___ take my parents’ car whenever I wanted. 3. Jane’s children ___ to watch the film on TV last night. 4. Temperature near South Pole ___ reach minus 43 degrees Centigrade. 5. ___ I ask you a personal question? – Sure, you ___. 6. A hundred years ago ships ___ cross the Atlantic in 10 days. 7. There is somebody knocking at the door. – It ___ be a postman. 8. Anyone ___ make mistakes. 9. Look at these terrible clouds! It ___ start raining any moment. 10. Dinosaurs ___ grow up to 5 metres long. 11. Camels ___ survive for up to 17 weeks in the desert without water. 12. Why hasn’t she come to the party? – She ___ be busy with her diploma project.

Вправа 6. Складіть розповідь про Велику Британію з використанням активних слів та виразів.

Lesson 20. London

20.1. Розмовна тема. Лондон

G Active Vocabulary:

observation – спостереженя; proximity – близькість; medieval – середньо-вічний; landmark – архітектурна пам’ятка; renowned – відомий; wealth – багатство; celebrated – славетний; pageantry – урочиста церемонія; fasci-nating – чарівний.

London is one of the world’s greatest capital cities, with so much to see and do that Samuel Johnson’s observation that “When a man is tired of London he is tired of life” is just as true today as it was 200 years ago.

London was founded in AD 60 by Romans soon after they invaded Britain and was called Londinium. Remains of the wall Romans built around the city can still be seen today. Ever since its foundation nearly 2,000 years ago, London has been the capital of Britain and, because of its location on the Thames and its close proximity to the continent, it has been an important trading centre. Today it is still a great financial centre, attracting important businesses from all over the world.

London’s historic past can still be seen in its busy streets, from Roman walls, medieval churches and Tudor palaces to Georgian squares, Victorian railway stations and modern hi-tech office blocks. Landmarks such as Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower of London and the Houses of Parliament are high on every visitor’s list of places to see, but there is so much more to do.

London is renowned as a world-class cultural centre, with some of the finest museums and art galleries to be found anywhere in the world, including the British Museum and the National Gallery. Londoners and visitors alike enjoy all that the West End has to offer, with its many fine shops, restaurants and clubs, as well as the wealth of plays and musicals offered by its many celebrated theatres.

Another huge draw is the traditional and colourful pageantry London is so good at, including the Changing the Guard ceremony and the Lord Mayor’s Show, two of London’s best free shows. But London is also a modern, forward-looking city, and many major new landmarks, such as the London Eye (a 137 meter observation wheel) and the Tate Modern (an exhibition centre of modern arts housed in a converted 1960s power station) take the capital well and truly into the twenty-first century. It is this mix of the traditional and modern which makes London such a fascinating and exciting place to visit.

Дайте відповіді на запитання.

1. How old is London? 2. Who founded London? 3. On what river does London stand? 4. What are the main historical landmarks to see in London? 5. In what part of London are most shops situated? 6. What is the London Eye? 7. In what building is the Tate Modern housed?

20.2. Письмові завдання

Вправа 1. Вставте артиклі, де потрібно. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.

London, ___ capital of Great Britain, is one of ___ largest cities in Europe and the world. ___ population of London is about nine million. London is also one of ___ oldest cities in Europe. London lies in ___ valley of ___ Thames. Most of ___ streets are narrow. Oxford and Regent Streets are ___ busiest streets: there are ___ lots of shops, department stores and offices there. There are many beautiful old buildings in ___ centre of London. There are also ___ modern buildings there. Most of ___ buildings house ___ offices and hotels.

Londoners are fond of ___ beautiful parks of their city. They spend their week-ends in ___ parks. They come there with ___ children and take ___ lunch baskets with them.

20.3. Читання

G Active Vocabulary:

a fortress – фортеця; a manuscript – рукопис; contemporary – сучасний; armour – лати; twofold – подвійний; garrison – гарнізон; custody – зберігання.

The best London museums and art galleries are in the West End.

The British Museum in Russel Square comprises the National Museum of Archeology and Ethnography, the richest collection of prints and drawings and the National Library. It was founded in 1753 and opened to the public on the 15^th of January, 1759. The Library of the British Museum is one of the largest collections of books and manuscripts in the world.

The National History Museum in Cromwell Road is the home of the national collections of animals and plants, and of minerals and rocks from which the Earth is built up. It has a twofold function: to increase man’s knowledge of the animal, plant and mineral Kingdom as an institution for scientific research, and to spread knowledge of natural history as widely as possible.

The Tower of London was once a fortress. Kings of England, when the battle turned against them, often found safety in the Tower. From Norman days the Tower had been a state prison; it had been a place of torture and execution. Continuously from the 11^th century the Tower has held a military garrison. Arms and armour have always been stored there and today it contains the National Collection of them. Nowadays the Tower is a museum visited by tourists. As it was the strongest fortress in the land, the safe custody of the Crown jewels has been entrusted to it since the time of Henry III.

The National Gallery offers a wonderful variety of pictures. Everyone can find some kind of picture to enjoy. It was opened to the public in 1824 and in 1836 after series of troubles the collection of pictures of the National Gallery was established at Trafalgar Square.

The Tate Gallery from the very beginning was intended as a collection of contemporary British painting only. It became the national collection of British painting of all periods, and in addition – the national collection of modern foreign painting and of modern sculpture, both British and foreign.

The Science Museum exhibits machinery, scientific instruments and devices for research and educational purposes.

Вправа 2. Згадайте, в якому музеї знаходяться такі об’єкти:

1) the collection of the Crown jewels; 2) the collection of prints and drawings; 3) the collection of pictures; 4) the collection of books and manuscripts; 5) the collection of contemporary British painting; 6) the collection of animals, plants and minerals; 7) the collection of arms and armour; 8) the collection of machinery and scientific instruments.

20.4. Граматика. Модальні дієслова must, should, ought to, need та їхні еквіваленти на позначення необхідності, обов’язку, поради тощо

G Запам’ятайте прислів’я з модальними дієсловами!

Вправа 3. Перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem by heart for the next lesson? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to work in time. 7. Don’t ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today.

Вправа 4. Перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. According to the law of conservation of energy, the energy spent in starting the body must be equal to that derived from the body when it is stopped. 2. The wire used should have as large a cross-section аs possible when it is desirable to keep resistance аs low as possible. 3. We will have to work out an experiment in which we will be able to keep the particles in the plasma, that is deprive them of the possibility of transmitting the heat to the walls of the container. 4. You ought to stay longer: the most interesting things are still to come. 5. You needn’t shout, I can hear quite well. 6. One shouldn’t swap horses in midstream. 7. With his voice he ought to try out for radio. 8. You must check in at the airport an hour before your plane leaves.

Вправа 5. Вставте модальні дієслова must, have to, should, need.

1. He was sleeping heavily and didn’t hear the alarm clock. So to be in time for the train he ___ call a taxi. 2. If you want to drive a car you ___ get a driving license. 3. You ___ not be in a hurry. The train starts in an hour. 4. You ___ listen to the advice of your parents. 5. On Sundays I ___ not get up early. 6. The performance is great. You ___ go and see it. 7. My sister has got a job in Kiev, so she will ___ leave Kharkov soon.

20.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 6. Заповніть пропуски модальними дієсловами can, may, must.

1. What ___ we see on this map? 2. ___ you speak Spanish? – No, unfortunately I ___. 3. At what time ___ you come to school? 4. Dear aunt, ___ we stay at your place for another week? We would like to see more sites of your beautiful city. 5. You ___ not smoke here. 6. ___ take your book? – I am afraid not: I need it. 7. He ___ not speak English yet. 8. I have very little time: I ___ go. 9. They ___ not go to the park today because they are busy. 10. You ___ read this text: it is easy enough.

Вправа 7. Перекладіть англійською, використовуючи модальні діє-слова.

1. Усі повинні виконувати закони. 2. Вам не потрібно перекладати цей текст. 3. Він, напевно, все ще в бібліотеці. 4. Вам не слід їсти так багато цукерок. 5. Вам необхідно відправити лист негайно. 6. Вам не слід говорити йому про це. 7. Вам доведеться переписати контрольну. 8. Я поспішав, і мені довелось взяти таксі. 9. Потяг повинен прийти через п’ять хвилин. 10. Мені потрібні кольорові олівці.

Вправа 8. Заповніть пропуски у реченнях словами: is situated, commer-cial, places of interest, educational, a seaport.

1. There are very many famous ___ in London. 2. The capital of Great Britain is not only a large city but also ___. 3. One of the districts in London, the City, is a business and ___ centre of the country. 4. London ___ on the Thames. 5. London is also a large ___ and scientific centre of the country.

Вправа 9. Складіть розповідь про Лондон з використанням активних слів та виразів.

Lesson 21. Education in Great Britain

21.1. Розмовна тема. Освіта у Великобританії

Прочитайте текст і знайдіть підкреслені слова у словнику.

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