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Types of loss

Credit

1) One of the functions of the commercial banks is to provide credit in the form of overdrafts, loans or credit cards. To take on overdraft means to take out more money that the customer has in his account up to a certain limit agreed with the bank. He has to pay the money back whenever requested by the bank, and he also has to pay a relatively high rate of interest whenever he is overdrawn. For this reason, an overdraft is not the best option for long-term borrowing.

2) A loan is cheaper if a large amount of money has to be borrowed over a longer period. It is usually taken out for one item such as a car or a house and is repaid in monthly installments along with a fixed rate of interest. A loan used to buy a house or a land is called a mortgage. Credit cards such as Visa or American Express are used to buy goods without needing to pay for them immediately. The customer receives a monthly statement and can either pay the entire amount in full, in which case no interest has to be paid, or in monthly installments plus a fixed rate of interest.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца глагол “to have” в разных функциях. Определите их.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте второй абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

How can a loan be repaid?

Вариант V

Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода бессоюзных придаточных. Подчеркните придаточное предложение.

1) The staff must be prepared to answer accurately specific questions about merchandise they are trying to sell.

2) They assured the letter would arrive in time.

Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них независимый причастный оборот. Предложения переведите, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции.

1) Consumers acting rationally, the first dollar of their income is spent upon basic high-urgency goods.

2) During periods of depression saving is an economic vice (зд.просчет), the reason being that too much saving is the cause of unemployment or depression.

Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, подчеркните глаголы “to have” и “to be” и определите их функцию в предложении.

1) The client who wants to open an account has some questions about banking.

2) The bank of England is giving support to sterling.

3) In 1972 this businessman had to leave his home in the East Africa.

Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода глаголов “should” и “would”.

1) If consignment were sent to you, transshipment at the port N. would be necessary.

2) It is necessary that the cheque should be received immediately.

3) Your customers would like our new material, a sample of which we send you with this letter.

4) This letter should be accompanied by an enclosure.

Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на значения предлогов, союзов, наречий.

1) For the last 20 years the company has been making a name for itself.

2) The shopkeeper could not understand the buyer for he spoke some unknown language.

3) The shareholders could meet the director and ask questions because a special annual General Meeting was organized by the company.

4) Because of great dividend on ordinary shares the group’s profits were large.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

1) Insurers distinguish between total loss and partial loss. An actual total loss (ATL) occurs when the ship and cargo have sunk and cannot be recovered. If the ship disappears after leaving the port or if it is a long overdue, this also means an actual total loss. If the ship returns after a claim for ATL is settled, it automatically becomes the property of the insurers. A constructive total loss (CTL) occurs when the ship or goods are so badly damaged that the cost of repairing them would be greater than their market value.

2) As for partial loss, it can be either particular average or general average. Particular average occurs when the object insured is lost or damaged because of an accident, such as fire or flood on board the ship. The loss is borne by the person to whom the ship belonged. General average occurs when the object insured is sacrificed in order to prevent a total loss; for example, goods may be thrown overboard in order to stop a ship sinking. The main loss is borne by all parties – both the ship owner and the cargo owner.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца глагол “would” и укажите его функцию.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте второй абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

When does general average occur?

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