Warehousing and documentation

Distribution

1) When production of goods is completed they are brought to the consumer. This process is called distribution. Because commerce is an organized system, goods are produced in large quantities in one place by people who specialize. The consumer may be thousands of miles away, as, for example, when a person in Britain buys a Japanese television set. It is the function of transport to carry the products from the manufacturer to the consumer, and this may involve several journeys by road, rail, sea and air. You have only to look at the goods in a supermarket and at their many countries of origin to see that the world has become one large market.

2) Together with transport we must also think about communications. The telephone, the postal services and computers make commerce possible; without them traders would never be able to buy and sell goods in national and international markets. To get the goods to the consumer at the right time, in the right condition and in the right quality are the functions of warehousing and of the wholesale and retail organization of commerce.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца глагол “to have” в разных функциях. Определите их.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте второй абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

What are the functions of warehousing and of the wholesale and retail organization of commerce?

Вариант III

Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода бессоюзных придаточных. Подчеркните придаточное предложение.

1) Businesses combine resources they have obtained to produce and supply goods and services.

2) We know the bank will give you a cheque card because you have had an account with this bank for some time.

Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них независимый причастный оборот. Предложения переведите, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции.

1) Money being the most liquid of all assets, it is a very convenient form to store wealth.

2) The high price of goods is often determined by a prestige factor, the latter being very important for some customers.

Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, подчеркните глаголы “to have” и “to be” и определите их функцию в предложении.

1) These firms have received goods but have not paid yet.

2) This firm has to pay its loan immediately.

3) In the center of London there is an area of about one square mile which is called simply the “City”.

Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода глаголов “should” и “would”.

1) If you passed the necessary credit, we should be obliged.

2) It is important that the money should be transferred abroad.

3) We would appreciate a prompt answer.

4) A business letter should begin with sentences that will introduce the matter without delay.

Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на значения предлогов, союзов, наречий.

1) The company always buys and sells shares: either preference shares or ordinary ones.

2) The group lost $ 1.000 000 as it closed three stores in America.

3) The group keeps a part of its profits each year for it may need it in the future. This money is called its “reserves”.

4) Because the shops are small, they are easier and cheaper to operate than big supermarkets.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

1) Warehouses are buildings where goods are stored until they are needed. Chain stores have central depots where store goods until they are delivered to the local shops; factories have warehouses where they keep parts for products which they make; goods have to wait in warehouses at the docks until they can go onto ships. Today many warehouses are controlled by the computers and some are completely automatic, with conveyors, electric ‘eyes’ and packing machines which do the work of many men.

2) Even in the modern world the transport of goods, often over long distances and from country to country, can be a big risk. Will the goods arrive in the right place at the right time? Has the buyer received the goods which he ordered? Will the buyer pay for the foods when he receives them? Will the transporter (the railway or the shipping company, for example) deliver the foods safely? A lot of documentation is necessary if the answer to these and other questions is to be ‘yes’. This documentation is now more or less standardized, however.

Упражнение № 7. Выпишите из первого абзаца глагол “to be” в разных функциях. Определите их.

Упражнение № 8. Прочитайте второй абзац, ответьте на вопрос:

Is the transport of goods still a big risk in the modern world?

Вариант IV

Упражнение № 1. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода бессоюзных придаточных. Подчеркните придаточное предложение.

1) Demand shows the amounts of products consumers will buy at various possible price.

2) We know the commercial banks will give credit card to people who, they think, will be good customers.

Упражнение № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них независимый причастный оборот. Предложения переведите, обращая внимание на особенности перевода указанной конструкции.

1) Resources being not equally productive in all possible uses, the shifting of resources from one use to another increases their cost.

2) The Federal government uses all practical means to promote free competitive enterprises, all the possibilities of full employment being created too.

Упражнение № 3. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, подчеркните глаголы “to have” и “to be” и определите их функцию в предложении.

1) Creditors are firms who have supplied goods to the company, but have not yet received any payment.

2) In order to use a dispenser, the customers are to have a special card.

3) If you are buying some expensive items, you may have a loan.

Упражнение № 4. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода глаголов “should” и “would”.

1) We should be glad to fulfill your order if you confirmed it by a special letter.

2) It is important that delivery should be guaranteed within 3 weeks of receiving instructions.

3) It would be better for you to address another manufacturer.

4) You should require immediate supply of these products.

Упражнение № 5. Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на значения предлогов, союзов, наречий.

1) As this has not been settled, let us discuss our method of payment.

2) Careful wording (формулировка) is necessary in a letter of reply as in all other business letters.

3) Many thanks for your offer of 3 March which contains both catalogues and samples of your product, but we think your articles are too highly priced for our market.

4) Both companies took part in the competition.

Упражнение № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

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