Light industry of Ukraine

TEXT A

FOOTWEAR INDUSTRY

UNIT XVI

TEXT C

VI. Render the text in brief in a written form.

IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.

III. Make up a plan of the text.

V. Questions for discussion:

1. What is CAD in 2D realized by?
2. Can measurement of distances, length and areas be done very accurate and easily?
3. What data has to be input first to design in 3D?
4. For what does the software module flattens the 3D in 2D?
5. For what do shoe upper patterns need to be graded?
6. Where can a designer check the graded parts?
7. What material are cutting dies made of?
8. What modules do some CAD systems offer?
9. What is the key factor of die cost?
10. What are the benefits of CAD/CAM in mould manufacturing?

I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:

1. a numerically controlled lathe – токарний верстат з числовим програмним управлінням
2. a milling machine – фрезерний верстат
3. a machining – механічна обробка
4. a heel curve – лінія каблука
5. a toe spring – пружність носкової частини
6. tooling – інструментальне оснащення
7. a customized footwear – взуття виготовлене під замовлення

II. Listen to the text ‘CAD SHOE LAST DESIGN’ and decide if the statements are true or false:

1. Lasts can not now be produced on selection of numerically controlled lathes and milling machines.
2. Variations in toe shape, heel curve and toe spring are hardly achievable.
3. Combining parts of different lasts takes a few minutes with CAD technology.
4. Easy modification of last shapes through CAD has enables the development of software for customized footwear.
5. Complex shapes can be generated speedily and accurately from the 3D computer representation of the appropriate last.

III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:

1. Is it possible to develop shoe design and tooling using CAD systems? Why?
2. What can be generated both speedily and accurately?

I. Read and remember the words and their translation:

1. capacity – виробничі можливості, потужність
2. to embrace – охоплювати, включати
3. article – вироб, товар, предмет торговлі
4. improvement – покращення
5. to correspond – відповідати
6. multitude – велика кількість, сукупність
7. index – показник
8. output – випуск, продукція
9. to assemble – збирати
10. hence – таким чином, внаслідок
11. maturity – високий рівень розвитку

II. Read and remember the following phrases:

1. end consumer – кінцевий споживач
2. entire demand – загальний попит
3. to catch up with – наздоганяти
4. to be stipulated – бути обумовленим
5. tolling scheme – толлінгова схема (давальна схема)
6. average income – середній дохід
7. per capita – на душу населення

III. Read and translate the following text:

Ukraine’s light industry today is a powerful diversified complex manufacturing consumer goods and employing nearly 150000 people. It is a socially important economic segment focused at end consumer. With potential capacities of light industry companies, the industry is capable to produce wide range of goods, which can satisfy the entire demand of the domestic market. Light industry enterprises being located in every region of Ukraine concentrate some 7% of the total number of industrial and production potential and 2.4% of production assets.

At the moment light industry of Ukraine embraces more than 10000 companies including 2500 companies in textile industry, approximately 6000 enterprises in the sphere of ready-made garments and furs, as well as about 1500 of companies producing leather articles and leather footwear. Practically all companies of light industry are privatized and merely less than 1% of them is owned by the state.

The industry consists of 17 sectors, possesses powerful production potential capable to produce wide range of consumer goods and industrial use articles, and is aimed at improvement of a life style.

The footwear sector is a diverse industry which covers a wide variety of materials (textile, plastics, rubber and leather) and products from different types of men's, women's and children's footwear to more specialised products like snowboard boots and protective footwear. This diversity of end products corresponds to a multitude of industrial processes, enterprises and market structures.

In accordance with different estimates, footwear market in Ukraine amounts to 100-170 mln pairs with growth of 10-12% per year. Ukraine still did not catch up with the states of European Union by sales of footwear. The index in Western Europe is 6-8 pairs of footwear per capita, while the figure is merely 2.7 pairs per capita in Ukraine.

Export of footwear industry at the moment is stipulated by mainly give-and-take operations or order production. In particular, the largest production volumes of the industry are exported to Italy (approximately 32%), Poland (20%), Russia (16%), and to less extent to Hungary (8%), Germany (6%), and Belarus and Romania (4% to each).

Components for footwear manufacturing, genuine leather shoes, rubber, and plastic footwear are mostly exported during last decades.

Import of footwear to Ukraine almost totally is based on deliveries from China (around 69% of the total footwear import). For many years China remains to be the largest world exporter of textile articles, garments, and footwear, watches, bikes, and sewing machines, etc. Therefore it tops the list of importers in the sphere of light industry practically all over the world.

There are several factories in Ukraine at the moment working on tolling schemes. These are companies in Uzhgorod, Zhytomyr, and Kyiv. Their output is mainly exported to Romania, Slovakia, and Poland. In fact, these companies just assemble shoes from components. Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk regions, and town of Brovary in Kyiv region are other places of shoe production concentration. A lot of smaller companies are located at the territory of former large enterprises on lease terms. Hence, the largest amount of footwear is annually produced of genuine leather (some 17 mln pcs), textile materials and artificial leather – more than 11 mln pcs, and there are less of rubber footwear and shoes of polymer materials – approximately 2 mln pcs.

The investment attractiveness of light industry enterprises in terms of the allocation of capital (such as finance, equipment, or raw stock) lies in the fast return on investments – thanks to short production and sales cycles, quick updating of the product mix, the availability of local raw resources (wool, linen, raw leather) and the potential capacity of the Ukrainian market.

High competitiveness of the national light industry leading enterprises, growing average income, and historical maturity of Ukraine’s light industry allow it to get significant opportunities. Light industry in Ukraine is seriously prospective for further development even with strong competitors on the market.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What is the number of employees in light industry?

2. What companies does light industry of Ukraine embrace?

3. How many sectors are there in the industry? Could you try to name them?

4. How is the footwear sector represented?

5. What are the average amounts of output in footwear sector?

6. How is export of footwear industry stipulated at the moment?

7. What is import of footwear to Ukraine based on?

8. Where are main footwear companies situated?

9. What is the proportion of materials used in footwear manufacturing?

10. What makes light industry enterprises of Ukraine attractive for investors?

V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. Ukraine’s light industry today is....

2. It is focused at....

3. Light industry enterprises concentrate....

4. Practically all companies of light industry are....

5. The footwear sector covers....

6. Footwear market in Ukraine amounts....

7. The largest production volumes of the industry are exported to....

8. Main importer of light industry goods remains....

9. Factories,working on tolling schemes, are located in....

10. The largest amount of footwear is annually produced of....

VI. Find the English equivalents to the words:

натуральна шкіра, каучук, інвестиційна привабливість, попит, сировина, великі підприємства, обсяги виробництва, приблизно, хутро, вироби із шкіри, приватизований, споживчі товари, штучна шкіра, середній дохід, продаж

VII. Make up sentences with the terms:

leading enterprises, average income, raw resources, investment attractiveness, annually produced, artificial leather, assemble shoes, tolling schemes, total footwear import, give-and-take operations, footwear market, lease terms, shoe production concentration, wide variety of materials, different types of footwear

VIII. Give definitions to the words:

light industry, end consumer, potential capacities, goods, demand, domestic market, assets, consumer goods, article, diverse, rubber, protective footwear, manufacturing, delivery, polymer materials

IX. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Взуттєва промисловість охоплює широке різноманіття матеріалів таких як текстиль, пластмаса, каучук, дерево, шкіра, тощо.

2. Висока конкурентоспроможність національної легкої промисловості надає цій галузі істотних можливостей.

3. Протягом останніх десятиліть компоненти для виробництва взуття здебільше експортуються.

4. Українська легка промисловість сьогодні – потужний виробничий комплекс, в якому працює приблизно 150000 чоловік.

5. Відповідно до різних оцінок, український ринок взуття налічує 100-170 млн. пар на рік.

6. Показник продажу пар взуття на душу населення в Україні – 2.7, в той час коли в країнах Західної Європи він сягає 6-8 пар на 1 людину.

7. Найбільша кількість взуття виготовляється з натуральної шкіри.

8. Найбільший обсяг товарів взуттєвої промисловості експортується до Італії.

9. Китай очолює список імпортерів в галузі легкої промисловості практично у всьому світі.

10. Взуттєва промисловість вирізняється великою різноманітністю кінцевого продукту, від різних типів чоловічого, жіночого та дитячого взуття до спеціалізованого захисного взуття.

X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:

Ukraine’s light industry today, to employ, economic segment, potential capacities, wide range of goods, production assets, to embrace, companies producing leather articles and leather footwear, improvement of a life style, wide variety of materials, specialised products, to correspond to a multitude of industrial processes, footwear market, export, import, tolling schemes, shoe production concentration, investment attractiveness, further development

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