Economic Sanctions

A way of punishing errant countries, which is currently more acceptable than bombing or invading them. One or more restrictions are imposed on international trade with the targeted country in order to persuade the target's government to change a policy. possible sanctions include limiting export or import trade with the target; constraining investment in the target; and preventing transfers of money involving citizens or the government of the target. Sanctions can be multilateral, with many countries acting together, perhaps under the auspices of the United Nations, or unilateral, when one country takes action on its own.

How effective sanctions are is debatable. According to one study, between 1914 and 1990 there were 116 occasions on which various countries imposed economic sanctions. Two-thirds of these failed to achieve their stated goals. The cost to the country imposing sanctions can be large, particularly when it is acting unilaterally. It is estimated that in 1995 imposing sanctions on other countries cost the American economy over $15 billion in lost exports and 200,000 in lost jobs in export industries.

Widely considered a notable success was the use of economic sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa, although some economists question how big a part the sanctions actually played. Clearly important was the fact that the sanctions were imposed multilaterally by the international community, so there were comparatively few breaches of the restrictions. But, arguably, the most crucial factor in persuading the government in Pretoria to cave in was that foreign companies fearing that their SHARE price would fall because their investments in South Africa would attract bad publicity voluntarily chose for commercial reasons to disinvest.

5) Составьте план текста “ Economic sanctions”, используя ключевые фразы.

Discipline “Business English”

Вариант 1

1) Переведите следующие предложения с английского языка на русский:

1. Such proposals must be received by the Company not later than 40 days after the end of the financial year.

2. All the amendments and addenda to the present Contract are to be considered its integral part.

3. To address an envelope, print the return address (also called the from address) neatly in the upper left-hand corner of the envelope.

4. The first letter of credit shall be opened within five days.

5. Our company has more than 60 dealers and representatives in different regions and would like to start producing your equipment in our country.

6. Would you kindly send us the information if the price includes the cost of equipment installation and staff training.

2) Переведите следующие предложения с русского языка на английский:

1. Оформляйте денежные отношения (получение/возврат денег и пр.) в виде расписок.

2. Поступающим на работу в зарубежную фирму часто необходимо заполнить ряд анкет.

3. На каждом предприятии установлен определенный трудовой режим.

4. Наиболее распространенным типом компаний в Великобритании являются зарегистрированные компании, т.е. компании, зарегистрированные в соответствии с Законом о компаниях.

5. Акция – ценная бумага, свидетельствующая о внесении пая в капитал акционерного общества.

6. Наша фирма производит технологическое оборудование высокого класса.

3) Вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова. Предложения переведите на русский язык:

a) facile; b) facilitate; c) facilitation; d) facilitator

1. The new trade agreement should …. more rapid economic growth.

2. I see my role as that of a …., enabling other people to work in the way that suits them best.

3. He does not permit himself … answers.

4. The project focuses on the … of regional trade and investment.

4) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем:

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