D) Rule Formation.

Rewrite the following cause-effect sentences following the example using other words from Set 1 and Set 2 on the previous page.

Look at the example.

C) Comparing Structures.

B) Analysis.

Set 2

Set 1

Grammar in Context

IV. Language Focus

Use some of the words from the previous task to complete the passage below. Use the words in their correct form.

F) Semantic Cloze Task.

Ali was like a son to the Prophet (SAAS). He was a (1)……….. to many of the revelations and became an (2) ……….. on their meaning and purpose. He was not only a strong man, but a speaker who could see (3)……….. his own point of view and could (4)……….. others that his arguments were correct. He was also a man with strong (5) ……….. so he was sent to Yemen to be a judge, despite the fact that he lacked (6) ……….. Muhammad (SAAS) knew that he could tell good people from (7) ……….. if they refused to give him their (8) ……….. He was loved for his good points, especially by a slave who was (9)……….. but set free by Ali. However, Az-Zubair thought that he had some (10) ……….. but the Prophet (SAAS) disagreed with him.

- cause and effect words

What do the sentences in Set 1 have in common? What do the sentences in Set 2 have in common? What is the difference between the sentences in Set 1 and Set 2? Discuss your answers in groups.

· Since he himself was very interested in fiqh, language studies, arithmetic and zuhd, he encouraged scholars to develop these subjects further.

· This is because they knew they would be treated fairly.

· The Prophet (SAAS) wanted to help his uncle, so he invited

· He, therefore, became an authority on the meaning of many revelations.

Look at the following sentences. Write 1next to sentences like those in Set 1. Write 2next to those like Set 2.

1. …… As a result, Az-Zubair said, "The son of Abu Talib never stops being arrogant.”

2. …… He could see that they were not harmful, so he said, “Those are people who do not want to support us, but they also do not support the wrongdoers.”

3. …… When the Abyssinians asked him to become king, he refused because he preferred to stay with Ali and remain a Muslim.

4. …… Since the slave loved Ali so much, he decided to stay.

Which words are used to show cause? Which are used to show effect?

• Since he himself was very interested in fiqh, language studies, arithmetic, and zuhd, he encouraged scholars to develop these subjects further.

• He himself was very interested in fiqh, language studies, arithmetic, and zuhd, so he encouraged scholars to develop these subjects further.

1. Since the slave loved Ali so much, he decided to stay.

2. The Prophet (SAAS) wanted to help his uncle, so he invited Ali to live with him.

3. As a result of Ali's work in Yemen, most of the Yemenis became Muslim.

Help to write the grammatical rules by completing the sentences.

1.Words like………..and………..can be used to show cause. They can indicate the reason for something happening.

2. Words like………..,and………..can be used to show the effect of something

happening.

e) Grammar Cloze Task

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