Decide in what cases your rights can be protected due to the Human Rights Act. Discuss these cases with your groupmates.

VI. SPEAKING

The International Court of Justice

Fill in the gaps with the appropriate forms from the table.

Correct the mistakes in the sentences given below. You can find the right versions in the text. Mind the grammar (Passive Voice).

Point out sentences with Passive Voice in the text and explain the use.

V. GRAMMAR FOCUS

1. The development of international human rights law can be attribute to the monstrous violations of the human rights of the Hitler era.

2. The United Nations established on October 1945 by 51 countries committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security.

3. The Trusteeship Council and Secretariat is based at the Headquarters in New York.

4. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights were adopted by the UN General Assembly as a resolution having no force of law.

5. The human rights provisions of the OAS Charter is contained in Art. 5 and 16.

The International Court of Justice …(1) the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. …(2) seat is at the Peace Palace in the Hague.

It …(3) work in 1946, when it replaced the Permanent Court of International Justice which …(4)in the Peace Palace since 1922. It …(5) under a Statute largely similar to that of its predecessor (попередник), which is an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations. The Court …(6) a dual role: to settle in accordance with international law the legal disputes submitted to it by States, and …(7) advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized international organs and agencies.

The Court …(8) of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council sitting independently of each other. It …(9) include more then one judge of any nationality. Elections …(10) every three years for one-third of the seats, and retiring judges may be re-elected. The Members of the Court …(11) represent their governments but are independent magistrates. Only States …(12) and appear before the Court.

1. How can you explain the term “fundamental rights”?

2. What in your opinion are the fundamental rights of citizens in Ukraine?

3. Does the Constitution play any role in protection of fundamental rights of citizens in your country?

4. Can you name social spheres where human rights are violated most of all?

-Someone is told at work that he (she) cannot wear a turban or sari even though it is a part of his (her) religion.

-Someone has a relationship with a senior person at work and is dismissed, because of it (both of them are adults).

-An employer has been interfering with his(her) e-mails and telephone calls, and checking up on what websites he(she) visits.

-Someone is a schoolchild and is forced to wear school uniform.

-Someone is caught speeding in his (her) car by cameras and receive letters requesting him (her) to confirm speed.

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