Footwear in summer and winter

TEXT B

FOOTWEAR

TEXT A

FOOTWEAR

UNIT 2

TEXT C

VI. Render the text in brief in a written form.

III. Make up a plan of the text.

IV. Translate the paragraph in italics in a written form.

V. Questions for discussion:

1. How old is shoemaking?

2. What was high heel used for?

3. What kind of heel became associated with nobility?

4. What museum has one of the largest collections of historical footwear?

5. When were paired lasts introduced?

6. Due to what event did Wellington boots become the style?

7. What four pieces had a pair of dress Wellingtons made in 1817?

8. What is the common feature of the American frontier boots?

I. Mind the following words and word-combinations:

1. style – модель

2. clue – ключ, хід думок

3. shift – зміна

4. woven cloth – ткане полотно

5. wool felt – фетр із вовни

6. grades of leather – сорти шкіри

7. peer – знатна людина, рівня

8. pikes – взуття епохи Середньовіччя з довгим загорнутим догори носком

9. poulains – взуття епохи Середньовіччя типу «шльопанці»

10. lavish trimming – чепурний, щедро оздоблений

II. Listen to the text ‘SHOES IN THE COSTUME INSTITUTE’ and decide if the statements are true or false:

1. The makers of many examples produced prior to the nineteenth century are unknown.

2. The earliest pieces in The Costume Institute’s shoe collection date from the XXIst century.

3. Very fine quality shoes with elaborate decoration were reserved for the common labourer.

4. Embroidery and lavish trimmings can frequency be found on shoes from the XVII – XVIII centuries.

5. Basic types of shoes began to be available ready-made from the mid-eighteenth century.

III. Listen to the text again and be ready to answer the questions:

1. What examples are presented in the permanent collection in The Costume Institute?

2. Did shoes signal the wearer’s status?

3. What secondary sources must scholars also examine?

4. What decorative details were used in the medieval period?

5. Were shoes made without contouring to fit the right or left foot in earlier periods?

I. Read and remember the words and their translation:

1. hygiene –гігієна

2. adornment – прикраса

3. hosiery –панчішні вироби

4. flip-flop – шльопанці

5. canvas – парусина

6. sole – підошва

7. insole – устілка

8. outsole – підметка

9. midsole – підложка

10. upper – верх взуття

II. Read and remember the following phrases:

1. to be worn for – носити задля

2. to be passionate about –дуже цікавитися

3. to be made of – зроблений з

4. an interior bottom (of a shoe) –внутрішня деталь низу (взуття)

5. dress shoes –модельне взуття

6. casual shoes – повсякденне взуття

7. to have modifications on design – мати змінення в конструкції

8. to put pressure down – надавлювати

9. shock absorption – запобігати струсу

10. a complex upper – складний верх

III. Read and translate the following text:

Footwear consists of garments worn on the feet. It is worn for a variety of reasons, including protection against the environment, hygiene and adornment. Usually, socks and other hosiery are worn between the feet and the footwear, except for sandals and flip flops (thongs). It is sometimes associated with fetishism, particularly in some recent fashions in shoes and boots. Some people are very passionate about fashion footwear.

A shoe is an item of footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple flip-flop to a complex boot. Shoes may have high or low heels, although in western cultures, high heels are considered a women's style. Shoe materials include leather or canvas. Athletic shoe soles may sometimes be made of rubber.

The bottom of a shoe is called the sole. The insole is the interior bottom of a shoe, which sits directly beneath the foot. Many shoes have removable and replaceable insoles, and extra insoles are often added for comfort or health reasons (to control the shape, moisture, or smell of the shoe). The outsole is the layer in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have leather outsoles; casual or work-oriented shoes have outsoles made of natural rubber or a synthetic imitation. The outsole may comprise a single piece, or may comprise separate pieces of different materials. Often the heel of the sole is rubber for durability and traction, while the front is leather for style. Specialized shoes will often have modifications on this design: athletic cleats have spikes embedded in the outsole to grip the ground; many kinds of dancing shoes have much softer or harder soles. The layer in between the outsole and the insole that is typically there for shock absorption. Some types of shoes, like running shoes, have another material for shock absorption, usually beneath the heel where one puts the most pressure down. Different companies use different materials for the midsoles of their shoes. Some shoes may not have a midsole at all. The bottom rear part of a shoe is the heel. Its function is to support the heel of the foot. They are often made of the same material as the sole of the shoe. This part can be high for fashion or to make the person look taller, or flat for a more practical use. Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the foot. In the simplest cases, such as sandals or flip flops, this may be nothing more than a few straps for holding the sole in place. Closed footwear, such as boots, sneakers and most men's shoes, will have a more complex upper. This part is often decorated or is made in a certain style to look attractive.

IV. Answer the questions:

1. What are the reasons we wear footwear?

2. What is a shoe?

3. Where are high heels considered a women’s style?

4. What materials is footwear made of?

5. What kinds of insoles have the most shoes?

6. What are the reasons to add extra insoles?

7. What kinds of outsoles have dress shoes and casual shoes?

8. Do shoes always have midsoles?

9. What is the function of a heel?

10. What does a high of a heel depend on?

V. Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. Footwear is worn for … against the environment, hygiene and adornment.

2. … is worn between the feet and the footwear.

3. Shoes may vary from a simple flip-flops to a complex ….

4. Athletic shoe … may be made of rubber.

5. Any shoe has an upper part that helps hold the shoe onto the ….

VI. Find the English equivalents to the words:

прикраса, модне взуття, жіночій стиль, гума, замінний, волога, каучук, тиск, сандаля, чобіт

VII. Make up sentences with the terms:

a variety of reasons, to be associated with, fashion footwear, shoe materials, to control the shape, dress shoes, work-oriented shoes, durability and traction, specialized shoes, shock absorption

VIII. Give definitions to the words:

garment, hosiery, a shoe, thongs, a women’s style, a sole, an athletic shoe, an insole, an outsole, a casual shoe

IX. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Взуття носять з таких причин, як захист від оточуючого середовища, гігієни та інших.

2. Деякі люди дуже захоплюються модним взуттям.

3. Нижня частина взуття називається підошвою.

4. Додаткова устілка додається для зручності, збереження форми та інших причин.

5. Підметка складається з однієї або декількох деталей, виготовлених із різних матеріалів.

6. Різні компанії використовують для підложки різноманітні матеріали.

7. Функція каблука – підтримка п’яти ступні.

8. Під впливом моди каблук може бути різної висоти або плоским для практичних цілей.

9. Будь-яке взуття має верхню частину, щоб кріпитися до стопи.

10. Щоб привабливо виглядати, верхню частину взуття завжди прикрашають або виготовляють у певному стилі.

X. Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:

to be worn on the feet, a variety of reasons, to be passionate about fashion footwear, a shoe, a sandal, a flip-flop, high or low heels, shoe materials, leather or canvas, to be made of rubber, a sole, removable or replaceable insoles, an outsole, shock absorption, a midsole, to support the heel of the foot, for fashion, complex upper, to be decorated, to be made in a certain style

I. Read and remember:

1. stitching – строчка

2. pumps – туфлі «човники»

3. clogs – туфлі на товстій дерев’яній підошві

4. lining – підкладка

5. vogue – мода

6. fastening – застібка, кріплення

7. winter outfit – зимовий ансамбль

8. lace ankle boots – взуття на шнурках

9. arch – підйом

10. to trim – прикрашати

II. Read the text and define the main idea of it:

All footwear can be divided into summer and winter footwear according to its purpose. The summer shoes are, naturally, more flexible, softer and lighter. Summer shoes exist in broad variety of designs opened, closed and light with very few fancy details and decorative elements. The predominant decorations are stitching or simple fastening.

Women’s summer shoes are mostly pumps, open-toe and open back shoes, clogs flip-flops and moccasins. Belt and strap shoes are particularly fashionable, and shoes without lining stay in vogue. Men’s summer shoes are simpler. They are decorated with perforation and lace stitches. The materials used for making the uppers are chrome leather, various fabrics. Artificial leather is also broadly used in the manufacture of summer shoes, which called for special methods of designing and decoration. The most simple sports models are decorated with contrasting stitches, simple fastenings and finishing with the use of different patterns. Perforation is a necessary element of closed shoes made of artificial leather. The bottom of summer shoes is made of leather, light porous rubber, wood. The bottom attaching methods used in the manufacture of summer shoes ensure their lightness. The colours of summer shoes are light and neutral tones.

In countries with cold climate people wear winter footwear. Winter footwear has become a part of the modern winter outfit. Warm footwear for men, women and children is represented in models and designs which have a fashionable look and give the wearer a protection against frost. For a number of years the fashion in ladies’ winter footwear has been close fitting high leg boots and lace ankle boots, in men’s winter footwear – half boots and shoes. Lining of natural and artificial fur and woolen fabrics ensure warmth and comfort. The uppers of shoes are mainly made of chrome leathers, velour and woolen fabrics.

The men’s winter shoes are mainly closed and zipped. The moccasin – styled toe gives a touch of stolidity to them. Women’s boots or half boots for close fitting are zippered or laced on the arch or on side. Characteristic of women’s and children’s footwear is the accentuating of the arch line the use of fastenings and course stitches. The women’s and children’s shoes with textile uppers are trimmed with various tapes and ornamental embroidery based on folk art motives. The children’s winter shoes have the same design and decorative elements as men’s and women’s footwear. Dark tones are the predominant colours of winter footwear.

Дата добавления: 2017-02-01; Просмотров: 60; Нарушение авторских прав?; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!